Image Source: Museums Portal Berlin

Francis La Flesche 1857-1932

Like his sister Susette, Francis La Flesche was involved in the struggle for the Ponca’s return to their homeland during the 1870s and 1880s. As the child of Omaha principal chief Joseph La Flesche, Francis participated in buffalo hunts and religious ceremonies, but he also attended the Presbyterian mission school on the Omaha Reservation.

Francis accompanied Standing Bear during his lecture tour in 1879 and 1880, advocating a return to the Ponca homeland. Along with his sister Susette, he acted as an interpreter for Standing Bear. While on tour, he met Alice Cunningham Fletcher, an ethnologist and Native American activist.

When the tour was completed, La Flesche moved to Washington, D.C., and became a clerk in the Office of Indian Affairs. In his free time, he began researching Omaha culture with Fletcher. He traveled to Nebraska with Fletcher and interpreted for her, which started a long professional association.

Francis returned to school and received a bachelor’s degree in law from National University in 1892 and a master’s degree in 1893. In 1910, he transferred to the Smithsonian’s Bureau of American Ethnology, where he could devote all his time to ethnological research.

Francis published A Study of Omaha Music (1893) and The Omaha Tribe (1911) with Alice Fletcher. On his own, he published The Middle Five: Indian Boys at School (1900), a play called Da-o-ma (1912), Who was the Medicine Man? (1904), and A Dictionary of the Osage Language.

Francis La Flesche received many honors for his scholarship. He was a member of the Washington Academy of Sciences and received an honorary doctorate from the University of Nebraska. After retirement, he returned to the Omaha Reservation, where he died in 1932.

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