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The most famous potter of the 20th century, Maria Antonia Montoya Martinez, was born in the San Ildefonso Pueblo, about 20 miles northwest of Santa Fe, New Mexico. She lived in the Pueblo all her life, eager to greet visitors and share her craft with those who came to watch and listen.

When Maria was seven, her aunt taught her to make pottery. She was fortunate to have a chance to learn this traditional art, as, by this time, pottery was being replaced by inexpensive tinware and enamelware. By the time she was 13, Maria was a skillful potter.

With her marriage to her good friend Julian Martinez, a life-long partnership began that has produced some of the most famous pottery of the Southwest. When Julian helped excavate an ancient Pueblo ruin in 1907-1908, one of the archeologists asked Maria to duplicate the ancient pots. By mixing clay with fine sand, Maria found she could make pots that were equally thin as the ancient ones.

Maria molded the pots while Julian painted them. From 1909 to 1912, the couple demonstrated pottery-making at the Museum of New Mexico. They tried to duplicate the black pots seen in the museum and found they could blacken them with smoke.

For many years, Maria and Julian worked together, creating pottery while raising a family and carrying out the traditional duties of the Pueblo. In 1943, Julian died, and Maria’s daughter-in-law took over painting the pots. She later worked with her grandson, Popovi Da. Another of Maria’s grandsons, Tony Da, was one of the family’s most innovative potters.

The first Pueblo potter to sign her work, she often gave away her profits to those in need and generously taught other potters to make black pots. She received many national and international awards for her work and continued to make pots until she died in 1980.

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